"Love is metaphysical gravity". Buckminster Fuller
A MATERIAL SPHERICAL SHELL OF DIAMETER LARGER THAN 50 KILOMETERS WILL GRAVITATE MORE, IF IT IS EXPOSED TO SOLAR (INFRARED) RADIATION, THAT IF IT IS ALONE AWAY FROM ANY STAR AND RADIATION.
THE REASON IS THAT DUE TO THE GREEN-HOUSE EFFECT BY THE INFRARED SOLAR RADIATION , THE AETHER (=2ND frequency or density material reality) INSIDE THE HOLLOW SPHERICAL SHELL WILL HAVE HIGHER TEMPERATURE AND HEAT OUTWARD CONDUCTION ,THEREFORE AS WE SHALL SEE BELOW IT WILL CREATED A HIGHER GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION
7.0 Introduction
When Newton was asked why his inverse square law holds and if there is a mechanism behind, it is said that he answered that what matters is that it works in order to explain the celestial dynamics.
Maybe, close to the beginning of the 21st century, we may be able to explain the mechanism behind his formulas.
7.1 New relevant experimental facts
a) New 1) "Free energy" extraction in the J. Searl's motor
2) "Free energy" extraction in the B. DePalma's generator
3) "Free energy" extraction in the P. Baumann's motor (Swiss testatika)
4) "Free energy" extraction in the Tewari's generator
5) "Free energy" extraction in the V. Dimitropoulos method at the magnetization effect from magnetic tapes
6) "Free energy" extraction in the L. Szabo's generator
b) Old: Pitfalls of the "vacuum" dogma
7.2 Justification of the chosen theoretical innovations and modifications
The new experimental discoveries lead to the next requirements:
1) It is required a system of equations and a theoretical model of the field interactions
That predicts both the known experiments and the new with consistency
2) It is required that the old equations are derived as an approximate limiting case or other special case.
3) It is required to describe the field as a gaseous material fluid (Not of 1st resolution).
4) It is required that the modifications are minimal or simplest so as to meet the properties 1,2,3.
We should start making the discrimination between gravitostatics and gravitodynamics. Gravitostatics should be practically the classical Newtonian universal attraction, while gravitodynamics should its combination with the new universal neutral interaction (“antigravity”), which an incorrect way was described by Einstein’s gravitation.
If we compare the Poisson equation of Newtonian gravity
(7.2.1)
with the Fourier heat conduction equation
(7.2.2)
and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_conduction#Fourier.27s_law )
we get the right idea:
The scalar electromagnetic potential φ must be proportional to the temperature of field-gas.
Of course we should no confuse the temperature of layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3) matter ,composed from electrons, protons and neutrons with temperature of the layer -1, (or in the positive counting 4) matte, in other words of the field-gas. Different constants, different scale and units but still similar concepts .
So the macroscopic key to the understanding the mechanism behind Newtonian gravitation is the correspondence:
Scalar Newtonian gravitational potential φ
Proportional to
Field-gas temperature Τ
In symbols :
7.2.3 φ=λT
The author tried many scenarios that would give an inverse square law of attraction. For example we couldpostulate, radial symmetric distribution of pressure of the neutral field-gas, or radial symmetric distribution of velocity of the neutral field-gas that might give an inverse square law of attraction after some coupling of mater and the field fluid as in the paragraph 3. But only the choice of temperature distribution had the least contradictions, with the inverse square law of interaction in electromagnetism, that coexists with it, and also coexists with the newly discovered neutral interactions (“antigravity”) as different type of interaction. In addition the explanation of the “free energy” generators became straight forward.
The fact that when Maxwell estimated the electromagnetised field-gas pressure matrix he assumed the field-gas as an ideal gas, that is with adiabatic changes and constant temperature distribution, may explain why Einstein considered electromagnetism as disjoint to gravitation. Einstein also assumed null gravitation wherever the Maxwell’s equations hold in an exact way. Having the exact formulas of heat transfer, we no longer need the indirect equations of Einstein through the curving of the propagation of light waves.
The coupling with matter of layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3) with the field-gas (layer -1, (or in the positive counting 4)) is as in the Newtonian universal attraction in other words that mass (of material layer 0) creates heat at material layer -1, (or in the positive counting 4) or field-gas proportionally to the mass density in layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3).
In the next energy exchange description between field and matter we shift radically from the classical concept of field as mathematical field of conservative forces in vacuum, to a concept of field as another finer material (gaseous) layer (layer –1, (or in the positive counting 4)) which is essentially a renewable form of energy.
The mechanism of the Newtonian gravitation is the following image:
a) Creation of universal attraction
As static Newtonian universal attraction is created by the heat conduction of the field-gas, the real source of the gravitation in its static version is the creation of heat in the field-gas whenever there is material (layer 0,(or in the positive counting 3)) mass. So the phases go like this
1.Field-gas heat is created due to friction (viscosity ) by any material body (material layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3)).
2. This heat is created even when the body is at rest. The created heat is due to the motion and the spin of the electrons in the atom, the motion and the spin of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and also the material thermal motion and spin of the atom as a whole. The field-gas heat is proportional to the density of the body. If the body is moving then additional heat is created.
2. This field-gas heat is propagated according to the Poisson heat conduction equation around the body in a spherically symmetric distribution. This is nothing else than the Poisson equation of Newtonian gravitational potential.
b) The dynamic effect due to field-gas heat conduction
The explanation of why the bodies accelerate in the direction from where the heat is coming is a little bit not so obvious.
We must recall that in a gaseous fluid, the speed of the compression waves is almost equal to the average speed of the atoms due to thermal motion. So for instance in air the speed of sound is equal to the average speed of the molecules of the air. The warmer the air the faster the speed of the sound. The cooler the air the slower the speed of the sound. Any changes in the temperature of the air would create accelerations or decelerations in the speed of the sound waves. It is this acceleration or deceleration that is the key to derive the gravitational acceleration, in the field-gas this time of course.
Description at the -1 layer, (or in the positive counting 4) , at the scale of an atom (with the Bohr model)
Let us recall that in the field-gas interpretation, tat the bohr model of the atom, the motion of the electrons, create standing waves in the field-gas, which are responsible for the “quantization” (or wave discretisation) of the motion of the electrons. Among these standing waves the compression waves play a significant role are tight to the electrons, protons, and neutrons. So when there is a temperature gradient in the field-gas, these standing compression waves, accelerate at the direction of higher temperature in the field-gas. As they are tight to the particles, the have as a result that the particles too are accelerated, o the direction of higher temperature in the field-gas. This is the mechanism of gravitational acceleration. The particles and the atoms , act as tiny motors, that convert the thermal energy of the field-gas in to kinetic energy of the atoms and the particles!
To conceive the situation even cleared, we might create an analogue in the material layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3), e,g. a spherical shell, inside which, there are standing sound waves, and the ball is inside the air, with significant temrerature gradient. It is an exercise to compute the momentum exhange of the compression waves, with the shell, at reflections, and the resulting acceleration.
3. As a result the macroscopic bodies (inside field-gas), experience an attraction towards the celestial bodies (that are a heat source in the field-gas proportional to their mass density)
c) The circulation of energy between the layers
The whole image becomes even more remarkable if we follow all the phases of circulation of energy in the two layers (mater of layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3), and the field-gas (layer -1, (or in the positive counting 4)))
1) Energy is transferred from the thermal and quantum, and macroscopic motion of material bodies, to the thermal energy of the field-gas. The atoms and the particles act as tiny generators-converters.
2) At the gravitational acceleration, the thermal energy of the field-gas is converted in to macroscopic kinetic energy of the material bodies. The particles and the atoms act as tiny motors. At the gravitational deceleration of bodies, the kinetic energy of the bodies is returned in to thermal energy of the field-gas.
So from this point of view, a production of electricity from hydroelectric effects, has some common characteristics with the discovered “free energy” generators.
The Newtonian gravitation (gravitostatics) is derived with the field-gas heat conduction, while post-Newtonian gravitation (gravitodynamics) is derived and corrected through combination of the static universal attraction with the new neutral interaction (usually called “antigravity”), in other words by extending from heat conduction to field-gas heat convection. This suggested post Newtonian universal attraction is also post-Einsteinian and corrects Einstein’s equations at non-relativistic speeds.
7.3 New physical hypotheses and laws
We summarize the new hypotheses about gravitation.
UA1: Creation of field-gas heat by mass at rest
q=λ4 ρ
Where q is the heat in the field-gas created by material mass (layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3)) of density ρ.
UA2: Dynamic effect of static universal attraction at field-gas heat conduction
The gravitational acceleration g is proportional to the temperature gradient of the field-gas
where g is the gravitational acceleration of the body and T is the field-gas temperature.
7.4 Derivation of the new equations from energy conservation and conservation Poisson's law at spherical heat conduction.
In this paragraph we suggest to make use of the energy conservation in fluids or the general heat transfer equation for the field fluid, to derive the equations of new dynamic universal interaction, which is the static universal attraction of Newton combined with the new macroscopic neutral interaction (Laplace's remark or antigravity).We suggest it in two steps. First we derive Newtonian static universal attraction. Then we combine it with the new macroscopic neutral interaction and we derive its equations. We do not include electromagnetisation of the field-gas. Finally we include the case of non-neutral field-gas that is electromagnetic field.
Exercise 7.4.1: Derivation of the classical universal attraction of Newton.
Step 0
Let us begin with the Poisson equation of heat conduction e.g. in the form
(7.4.1)
where T is the temperature, q the heat , and k the conductivity constant
Step 1 Identify relate the scalar Newtonian gravitational potential with the temperature by the new law described in the paragraph 7.3 and by the equation :
(7.4.2) φ=λT
Step2. Use the second new law of gravitation which relates by a simple proportionality. the heat creation in the field-gas with the density of matter (layer0, (or in the positive counting 3)) in the field- fluid
Step 3 Derive the classical equation of Newtonian gravitostatics in the form of Poisson equation.
(7.4.3)
where G is the gravitational constant and ρ is the density of mater ( 0, (or in the positive counting 3)).
Exercise 7.4.2. Derivation of the combination of the new universal neutral interaction and the static universal attraction of Newton, in other words of the new gravitodynamics.
Step0. Let us start with the energy conservation of fluids, or the general heat transfer equation e.g. as in the book of Landau-Lifshitz eq 49.4
p 185, or 183-188.
(7.4.4)
where ρ is the density of the fluid, s its entropy, v its vector velocity, k the conductivity constant, T is the temperature, and σ’ are the coefficients of viscocity.
Step 1 Define corresponding quantities for the field-gas and for the matter, define the density, and momentum. State the relation of mater density with the creation of heat in the field-gas and of the relation of momentum of mater with the momentum of the field-gas as in the new neutral interaction.
Step 2. Then state both equations of energy conservation and momentum conservation of the field-gas and the state equation of ideal gases, and also for the system of field-gas and material body. These are the equations of the creation of new dynamic universal attraction combined with the new neutral interaction.
Step 3. By using the relation of that gives the speed of the compression wave in a fluid, from the temperature of the fluid , and the state equation of ideal gasses , you can derive a formula, that relates the scalar Newtonian gravitational potential with the speed of light and other parameters of the field-gas.
Step 4. Make use of the new law that relates the gradient of the temperature of the field-gas with the gravitational acceleration of a body, and supplement the equations to a complete system of equations for this interaction.
Step5. If in the previous equations you substitute the viscosity pressure with the standard formulas as in the previously mentioned book of Landau-Lifshitz eq 49.4 p 185, or 183-188 you get still an other form of the equations.
7.5 Derivation of the old equations
Exercise 7.5.1
Step 0
Derive the old Newtonina equations of attraction by the inverse square law by the new equations.
Step 1 Derive not only Newton but also some of the facts of Einstein's gravitation as a special case.
Notice that the new equations are as is the standard with the equations of Fluids do not define a Hamiltonian system (in contrast to Einstein's field equations)!
7.6 Discussion about Einstein's general relativity:
There are two types of modifications that Einstein’s special and general relativity can undergo in order to fit with the experiments:
A) To keep the mathematics of special and general relativity and change the interpretation and logical axioms so as to be a theory in a flat Galilean system .The Lorentz transformations are interpreted only as symmetries of the D’Alambertian operator in Maxwell’s equations (a linear behavior of field-gas disturbances) and not as coordinate system transformations. The relativistic increase ofinertia, is interpreted as an added mass phenomenon in the motion of bodies in fluids and space-time curvature is interpreted as the curvature of the light propagation structure only, and not of space or time. So his theories became compatible with the field-gas in place of the “vacuum”.
This can lead to a theorem
Theorem 7.6.1 There is a model of Einstein’s mathematics as a field theory within classical Galilean Flat space and separate time.
This model should not be confused with the Cartan’s model of gravitation.
The concepts of Lorentz system remains not as inertial system but only in its active interpretation as a structure invariant by the symmetries of the usual coupling of 1st resolution material particles with the Field-gas. The 4-velocity ,4-momentum etc are simply some mathematical invariants of this structure with nothing to do with speed and momentum that is always measured and interpreted in Galilean relativity.
Of course if an Lorentz structure is defined in an inertial system that is at rest in the Field-gas then deviations from this state are analysed by
1) Relative velocity of the inertial system of reference with the Field-gas
2) Heat-Flux or Temperature grad in the neutral field that defines gravitostatic forces.
These two parameters certainly affect the D'Alambertian wave operator which is equivalent with the 4-dimensional Lorentz quadratic form. The chart coordinates are here the usual coordinates of the inertial system together with the time coordinate. Thus in the Field-gas approach is also definable a manifold that describes the compression waves-propagation . Such a manifold can be defined to be 4-dimensional but describes only the structure of waves propagation in the Field-gas and not of any empty-space-time or Einstein's inertial relativity. Nevertheless the two formulations (Einstein's and the Field-gas ) are not equivalent as in the present the moving 1st resolution matter have different couplings with the Field-gas producing different equations that relate the "matter-energy tensor" as Einstein was putting it with the curvature tensor of waves-propagation manifold of the Field-gas.
That the equations are different is evident from the inability of Einstein's field equations to predict the Aspden's gyroscope effect!
In addition the causes of curvature of the waves-propagation manifold are not discriminated to be of two types:
1) Due to motion of the Field-gas (Field-Dynamics)
2) Due to temperature variations (Static Field)
B) In addition to the modification 1) the mathematics of the generation of gravity (Einstein’s equation) are changed in order to include the field-gas drag force as a cause of curving of the light paths thus of space-time
In Einstein's waves-propagation manifold is not possible to predict any
Universal repulsion around bodies. In the present theory the gravitation of bodies does not depend only on the amount of mass or energy but also on the additional parameter of Field temperature at the body relative to the ambient Field temperature ,a parameter not appearing in the equations of Einstein.
C) An alternative approach would abandon completely the formalism of Einstein.
The equations of general relativity cannot predict the new experiments and should therefore need correction. Let us assume that we avoid the Einstein's conceptions of restricted relativity, and space-time curvature. Let as assume that we replace them with change of inertia with Lorenz symmetries inside Galilean relativity (instead of special relativity) and by curvature of a manifold of light propagation with flat space and separate time(instead of space-time curvature). That is by resorting to the theorem of existence of a model of Einstein's physics within classical physics, with the same mathematics but different physical concepts. We might ask in this situation if there is a modification of the field-equations of Einstein, that would be equivalent to the present formulation. The author thinks that this is not very probable and rather impossible. The reason is that although a manifold defined by the curvilinear propagation of light does exists, and can be defined, and although the space distance of light paths can also be defined , A Minkowski quadratic form is definable only by approximation on the true light paths. This approximation would be defined, by that the field-gas equations of conservation of energy in the general state, could be approximated with the field-gas equations in the case of infinitesimally constant temperature and no field-gas wind! On the other hand the manifold of the curvilinear propagation of light due to temperature changes and wind in the field-gas , is indeed a 3-dimensional Riemanian differential manifold, if the temperature changes and wind are stationary in time, but it is not exactly a pseudo-Riemanian 4-dimensional manifold with Minkowski quadratic distance. Thus we could define a best-possible correction of Einstein's field-equation , within Einstein's mathematics, and it would still be less accurate than the present formulation! So I think the better attitude is to abandon totally the Einstein's formulation.
As the neutral Field Fluid is at contact and at close distances that fall normally drifted by the motion of 1st material resolution , the determination of the state of motion of the neutral Field-gas is decisive for the correct applications. The Michelson-Morley experiment refers to light and is not directly relevant. As in most laboratories the measurements of the increase of inertial are on particles in these laboratories we must assume that the Field-gas of the laboratory follows the motion of the earth .The light aberration refers to other king of waves than compression waves so it cannot be used as indication about the motion of the Field-gas.
So the increase of inertial is a property relevant to the relative speed of the particle and the neutral Field-gas and is measured as the same number in all inertial systems of reference. The definition of inertial system of reference is always a limit approximation relative to the surrounding and dominating universal attraction fields.
A system of reference at rest with the field-gas is a classical inertial system of reference.
|
THEORY |
NEWTONIAN UNIVERSAL
ATTARCTION |
EINSTEINS GRAVITATION |
FIELDMATTER HEAT
GRAVITATION |
|
KEY SOURCE OF
GRAVITATION |
QUANTITY OF MOLECULAR MATTER |
MASS-ENERGY |
HEAT OF THE FIELD MATTER |
7.7 New predictions
1) Universal repulsion
We must notice that the present theory of the Newtonian gravitation as an field-gas heat effect, leads directly to the possibility, at least theoretically of universal repulsion. By universal repulsion meaning the universal repulsion around a body due to field-gas heat temperature, instead of universal attraction .:
If we could by some advanced technology make the field-gas temperature to drop below the average temperature of the ambient field-gas, then the above equations give universal repulsion instead of universal attraction.
Under normal conditions what we get is universal attraction .
(Added 2011) Universal repulsion as a possibility in this new universal attraction article was already predicted since 2002 in the current article. And recently (2011) it has been confirmed by astronomy with a relevant Nobel prize. Distant galaxies have been proved by astronomers recently to accelerate as they move away from us , and such an acceleration could very well be the effect of universal repulsion (as a result of areas of lower average aether temperature t the rest of ambient aether)."Dark energy" which is usual term for "negative energy" in the Einsteins gravitational equations is a rather unnatural and buzzard terminology, compared to the present paragraph understanding of the origin of universal repulsion through the aether temperature.
(Added 2011) Universal repulsion as a possibility in this new universal attraction article was already predicted since 2002 in the current article. And recently (2011) it has been confirmed by astronomy with a relevant Nobel prize. Distant galaxies have been proved by astronomers recently to accelerate as they move away from us , and such an acceleration could very well be the effect of universal repulsion (as a result of areas of lower average aether temperature t the rest of ambient aether)."Dark energy" which is usual term for "negative energy" in the Einsteins gravitational equations is a rather unnatural and buzzard terminology, compared to the present paragraph understanding of the origin of universal repulsion through the aether temperature.
2) Podktletnov’s experiment.
In the Podkletnov experiment, a ceramic superconductor (moving or not!), when its temperature is close to the absolute zero, obviously produces less field-gas heat due to motion of its molecules. We have, obviously, in addition, a threshold and discontinuous phenomenon as the stochastic dynamic systems have new stability solutions than their deterministic counterparts (quantisation). Thus the earth’s gravitation which is based on the field-gas's temperature gradient, is partly reversed because the superconductor creates lessening to the average field-gas temperature due to earth due to very low layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3) material temperature, at its points!
It seems to us that the well known phenomena of gravity changes of superconductors tend to confirm our conception of Newtonian gravity as field-gas heat conduction effect .
Probably this is partly the effect in the Podktletnov’s experiment.
Also mention the additional effect of significant dependence of the gravitation on the layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3) material temperature.
3) Hollow spheres, gravitate more than what Newtonian or Einsteinian gravitation predicts. The role of infrared solar ratiation in the creation of gravity. (added 2011).
Hollow material spheres (since we are talking here about natural celestial gravitation, we are talking for material spherical shells larger than 50 km diameter) , after the "green house" effect, trap the aether-"sound" waves or field compression waves, (4th gaseous material density), and penetrating electromagnetic waves of the sun (=waves of the charged aether , e.g. 1 Terra hertz that is, infrared ) and thus have the neutral aether (field-gas) at higher temperatures inside them, that the aether-temperature outside them. As the Newtonian gravitational scalar potential φ, is proportional to the aether-temperature (see equations in paragraph 7.3 and 7.4) , this means that φ is higher in value inside the Hollow material sphere, that what the presence of (3rd density) matter would justify, according to classical Newtonina gravitation. And therefore the gravitational effect of the material hollow sphere is larger, as if of a hollow or non-hollow material sphere of more material mass. Einsteinian gravitation also would predict less gravitation , as the matter-energy tensor of Einstein that defines the Einsteinian gravitational force, does not include the thermal energy of the aether, but only the material (3rd density) energy of matter, and by the assumption there is no matter, inside the hollow sphere. (Also in Einsteinian gravitation the energy of the gravitational field does not gravitate). It is known since the 70's, by seismographs that the American astronauts left on the surface of the moon, that each time a meteorite was hitting the moon, the moon seismic activity is the it was "ringing" for hours! So it was early deduced that it is a hollow material spherical shell.
The known gravitational attraction of the moon is larger, than what such a hollow material spherical shell would give either in the Newtonian or the Einsteinian gravitation.
And this also should be the major experimental fact that leads to the rejection of the Einsteinian theory of gravitation.
Similarly the "orgone accumulator" boxes of Wilhelm Reich (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich) , as hollow material boxes will trap the aether-"sound" waves (4th density matter) , and electromagnetic waves , and after a "green house" effect will raise the aether temperature, or (after paragraph 7.3) the scalar Newtonian gravitational potential φ. Therefore there will exist slightly higher gravitation around (and inside) such hollow material boxes (that could be hollow pyramids too) leading to other electromagnetic effects, or even air temperature (3rd density matter) effects too.
The hypothesis of Hollow earth, Newtonian and post Einsteinian gravitation (added 2013)
According the spherical shell theorem, of the Newtonian gravitation (see e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_theorem ) inside a spherical shell , there is no gravitation from the spherical shell itself. If we assume a hollow earth, then much of the aether heat maybe not only due to the heat of the presence of matter but mainly due to the infrared radiation of the sun (which is rather penetrating) and the "Green house effect" phenomeneon in the interior of the hollow earth. As a result the total external gravitation on the surface of the earth, maybe as strong as we know it even if the earth would be hollow! The same effect of trapped aether heat and increased gravitation we may have also on the moon. It is know that the moon is hollow by seismographs at leas since the 80s after the visit of astronauts in 1960, and therefore it is a puzzle why a hollow moon would gravitate as if it was not hollow and full of matter. An the same might be with other planets and celestial bodies around the sun.
In addition if the gravitational potential φ is proportional to the aether heat, then we may also have temperature inversions, of the aether heat inside the inner atmosphere of a hollow earth, similar to the inversions of the air molecular temperature distribution of the external atmosphere of earth. If such an inversion of the aether temperature distribution happens in the internal atmosphere of a hollow earth, then also the gravitation will reverse too, and we might gave in spherical zones the gravitational g pointing outwards on spherical shells!For example if we assume spherical harmonics distribution inversions of aether temperature with n=3, the reversing of gravitation could start at a depth of about 1150 km, where the gravitation would be almost zero, and is about the mid of the width of the a solid spherical shell of 1/3 of the earth;s diameter. (In other words with spherical harmonics n=3, we may assume that earth's solid part is about 1/3 of the earth's diameter, and such a solid spherical shell would include also hidden bubbles of liquid magma. But the rest of 2/3 of the earth's radius would be gaseous, with a huge internal atmosphere of O2. Probable also right in the center of the earth an internal gaseous sun, small radius e.g. 5%-7% of the earth's radius) If this would be true, then the interior life of earth , oceans, trees, animals, etc, would be possible on the inner surface of the earth's spherical shell too, illuminated possibly by an internal sun at the center of the earth with outward gravitation! Of course this may seem just a speculation , but the point is that it is possible with the current theory of gravitation, while a hollow earth described as above would not be compatible with simple Newtonian or Einsteinain gravitation. If someone could prove that the aether heat, of the solid spherical shell is higher that that of the inner atmosphere from the spherical shell to the central sun, as if the gravitation from the diametrically opposite sides of the shell is "blocked", then gravitation would reverse, and life and oceans would exist on the inner surface of such a hollow earth, illuminated by the inner sun. Also if the above reversing of gravitation is true, then the inner sun is most probable gaseous, kept there due to re-reversing of gravitation, at certain depth of the inner atmosphere , due to earth's rotation (least centrifugal forces at the center of earth) and also due to inner sun's own internal gravitation. Such reversing and re-reversing of internal gravitation of earth (which follows the aether heat and aether temperature distribution patterns) , are for reasons similar to reversing and re-reversing of the temperature gradient in the outer earth atmospheric temperature and might follow patterns of spherical harmonics (see e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical_harmonics). Patterns of spherical harmonics, with the 3 characteristic integers, m, n, l , are common to parameters of sphere-shaped fluids (e.g. temperature and winds in the earthly atmosphere, helioseismology inside the sun, etc). It seems that this may apply too, to aether parameters like heat and temperature, hence to the planetary gravitation too. The integer n counts the reversing and re-reversing of the inner gravitation of earth. E.g for n=3, there are 2 reversings of gravitation.
Here is an 3D animation video, which gives the above assumed concept (in the video the width of the shell is shown half of what mentioned here)
4) Warm-holes
The classical cosmological subject of “warm-holes” takes a totally new meaning. The warm-holes are no longer some “space-time” curvature curiosities, but rather stable cyclones of the field-gas as those met in the atmosphere of the Planet Jupiter, but not in air, in the field-gas and of larger space and time scale.
5) Shape of galaxies
The shape of galaxies becomes also a more easily explainable effect. It is just the pattern of cyclones of the field-gas reflected this time with the material layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3), in other words matter of the stars and planets. This also may explain the Dihedral symmetries of order 0,1,2,3,4 etc of some galaxies.
The shape of galaxies was a subject about which, prof. R. Feynman spent much time to admire, investigate, and try to explain.
6) "Black holes" or at layer x, (or in the positive counting x or higher) bright stars?
“Black-holes” also take a totally new meaning. As the creation of gravitation is by the heat of the field-gas, such strong gravitational sources, reflect very high temperatures in the field-gas, that betray the fact that such celestial bodies we may speculate are most probably very bright “stars” at an even finer material layer. Their “light” we might suppose that is “visible” and propagates to the space scale of layer +2 or larger, (or in the positive counting 1 or less), that is beyond the usual layer +1, (or in the positive counting 2) the Field-gas ball that we use to call “world” in cosmology, and is in the larger ball defined by the field-gas of layer -2 or finer, (or in the positive counting 5 or higher ). Here we must remark that what cosmologists call World, is everywhere that light can travel. Therefore in our approach within the ball of field-gas (aether) that planets, stars, and galaxies are immersed. It can be conceived as a field-gas world-star! Anything larger than that it would be layer +2, (or in the positive counting 1).
7) Mercury's orbit deviations
The old discovery of deviations in the Mercury’s orbit as predicted by Newtonian gravitation, takes a different meaning. By adding the effect of the rotation of the sun, in the system, we easily deduce by Bernouli equations that there is an additional drag-force of the field-gas towards the sun for the Mercury, and as this planet is the closest to the sun, and of small mass, it is easily measurable. Compared to Einstein’s predictions we should be able to get even more exact fit with the experimental data, if we make use of the present suggested equations. Also the explanation is qualitative more simple and of a new light.
8) Deviations in the orbits of satellites
Similar corrections to the prediction of the orbit of Mercury should also occur for satellites around the earth. The rotation of the earth must create also a rotation of the field-gas, that affects the conventional gravitostatic orbit of the satellites. NASA has indeed reported such deviations in the orbits of satellites non-predictable by Newtonian or Einsteinian gravitation. The latter predicts gravitodynamic effects only at relativistic speeds.
9) Aether planets do gravitate, and are attracted by the sun!
Except of the material planets like earth in a solar system, the solar systems have also aether planets! From the 1st eathereal matter (see posts 1 and 6) we are familiar with the gaseous only form (electromagnetic field and gravitational field) and we are not aware of liquid 1st aethereal matter or solid-crystal aethereal matter. But it exists! And it gravitates and e.g. such an 1st aethereal planet would be caught in the gravitational field of the Sun! This is based on two facts
9.1) The sun is a multi-leveled atomicity physical celestial body. In other words the matter of the sun is not only protons, neutrons, and electrons or short-life smaller particles but it consists of many atomicity levels (or frequencies or densities see post 1, and 6) permanent free particles (of 1st , 2nd 3rd etc aether). And so are the permanent free particles like protons, neutrons and electrons (entanglement of particles) .
9.2) The mechanism of gravitation that we describe in the visible material reality and 1st aether, repeats in the 2nd aether etc. Therefore in full, the gravitation is a multi-frequency physical reality mechanism and not only a 2-level physical reality phenomenon that we mainly describe it here.
We notice here that the gravitation of a 1st aether planet works through the 1st and 2nd aether, and gravitates on 1st aether. It does not attract the visible matter, neither the visisble matter attacts it. But such a 1st aether planet would gravitate and attract, the parts of earth that are in 1st aether. Similarly, it is the 1st and 2nd aether parts of the sun that attract a 1st aether planet and not its visible level of matter (which would attract though a visible planet like earth). (For discrimination of the levels of physical reality like 1st aether, 2nd aether etc see post 1 and 6)
9.1) The sun is a multi-leveled atomicity physical celestial body. In other words the matter of the sun is not only protons, neutrons, and electrons or short-life smaller particles but it consists of many atomicity levels (or frequencies or densities see post 1, and 6) permanent free particles (of 1st , 2nd 3rd etc aether). And so are the permanent free particles like protons, neutrons and electrons (entanglement of particles) .
9.2) The mechanism of gravitation that we describe in the visible material reality and 1st aether, repeats in the 2nd aether etc. Therefore in full, the gravitation is a multi-frequency physical reality mechanism and not only a 2-level physical reality phenomenon that we mainly describe it here.
We notice here that the gravitation of a 1st aether planet works through the 1st and 2nd aether, and gravitates on 1st aether. It does not attract the visible matter, neither the visisble matter attacts it. But such a 1st aether planet would gravitate and attract, the parts of earth that are in 1st aether. Similarly, it is the 1st and 2nd aether parts of the sun that attract a 1st aether planet and not its visible level of matter (which would attract though a visible planet like earth). (For discrimination of the levels of physical reality like 1st aether, 2nd aether etc see post 1 and 6)
10) Possibility of conversion of the dynamic energy of the gravitational field (or field-gas heat) to electric energy. We discuss about it in the explanation of the “free energy” generators.
11) The possibility of non-equal force of universal attraction between e.g. sun and the earth.
In the classical two body system, the gravitational attraction of say the sun to the earth is always equal and opposite with the attraction of the sun by the earth. (action-reaction and momentum conservation. But as in the resent approach the system is much more complicated and together with the two bodies, we must include the energy and momentum interplay of the field-gas, such an equality may not hold. The energy is conserved including the energy terms of the field-gas not only of the two celestial bodies. This may lead to claims about non-equality of inertial and gravitational mass, but it all depends on the definitions. The concept of material mass (number of particles) of course does not change.
12) The Bode’s law of the distance of planets from the sun. According to Bode law , which is empirical , the distance of the nth planet from the sun is in the average given by the formula: Rn=(1/3)(2n-2 +1) ! In other words, the distances increase in a geometric progression. This empirical law has remained quite of a mystery, within the old Newtonian gravitation as well as within the 20th century Einstein’s gravitation. We do not give here, a detailed quantitative derivation of it, but we suggest, a most probably true direction for its origin. It seems to me that its origin is mainly a fluid dynamic one. And with this I do not mean only the gasses (of layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3)) in the formation of the planets in the Laplace’s theory, but mainly the fluid dynamic effects of the neutral field-gas (layer –1, (or in the positive counting 4)) , in which all the planets, and the sun are immersed. The whole solar system, especially in its early stages, with the sun moving rotationally and linearly too in the galaxy, was mainly at the field-gas layer, a siphon-like (or Tornado-like) flow with spiral flow-lines , of the field-gas. In a siphon, the pressure from the boundary, to the center falls in a geometric progression too! This together, with the inverse square law of fall of the field-gas’s gradient of the temperature of the field-gas, from the sun to the distant planets , seems to me to be the right hints and assumptions to derive such, a planetary distribution. This also would suggest, in a more probable way, that the place where the asteroids are rotating, should be the place, in the past, of real planet, which has been lost!
7.8 Short explanation of the new experimental effects.
1) "Free energy" generators by rotation.
In this category are included the J. Searl, motor, the P. Baumann’s testatika, the DePalma’s generator, theTewari’s generator, and the L. Szabo’s generator. In all these cases in spite the differences in the details of the construction, the principle seems to be the same: It is created a small tornado in the electromagnetised field-gas (material layer -1, (or in the positive counting 4)). As is the case also with air tornados (layer 0, (or in the positive counting 3)), it takes place an expansion while rotating of the fluid, which as is natural means drop of its temperature. The thermal energy that is subtracted by the fluid is converted to macroscopic kinetic energy (rotation), and as the fluid is electromagnetised, it is collected as excess electric current energy by the generators. It seems also that it takes place at a small percentage a similar effect at the air surrounding the generators, as at the functioning of testatika has been reported a small drop of the air temperature. Nevertheless the major part of the energy is taken from the heat of the field-gas. The conduction of this heat is responsible for the gravitational attraction of the planet as we mentioned in the previous paragraphs. Therefore the reservoir of energy from which these “free energy” generators take their energy is the thermal energy of the field-gas, or equivalently the dynamic energy of the gravitational attraction of the planet.
In the case of the Searl generator which is a motor too, this external small electromagnetic or field-gas tornado, acts by Lorentz forces as described in paragraph 5.6 , accelerates the rotation and also lifts the disc or motor up while at the same time ionizes the air around the disc.
In a similar way can be explained more than 30 different designs of “free energy” generators that exist in the internet. See e.g. http://jnaudin.free.fr/html/qedynmnu.htm The main idea is that they extract energy from the heat of the field-gas (potential energy of the gravitational field) to convert it to electric current energy.
2) "Free energy" generators by electric current discharge.
In this category belongs as far as I know, only the technology of Ed. Gray.
In this case, we have a direct linear expansion in the field-gas induced by the direct current discharge, thatagain drops the temperature, of the field-gas. The extracted thermal energy becomes translational energy of the electromagnetised field-gas which is collected as excess electric current energy.
3) "Free energy" generators at the magnetization phenomenon.
In this category is included as far as I know only the method of V. Dimitropoulos. In this case, the atoms with their random rotating electrons, act as tiny generators, as in the case 1) above. The create standing-waves and tiny tornados at the size of the atom (quantum scale), in the field-gas. As in the case 1) above, the tornados drop the field-gas temperature because of expansion. The extracted thermal energy from the field-gas is converted to kinetic energy of the electrons which means amplified magnetization. This gives the excess output energy with this method. The phenomenon goes parallel to magnetic hysterisis, but magnetic hysterisis alone would not explain it, as in magnetic hysteris, as defined and described in the books, we have energy conservation.
To the question if the “Free-Energy” devices mentioned above are safe for practical applications my answer is that I cannot know.
Some of them are working for decades in a safe way. Nevertheless their inventors have taken care to function in a smooth non-greedy and mild way as in the case of testatika. In the macroscopic version of the rotating generators, the field-gas “tornado” is better regulated, than say the case of magnetization, where some atoms might “break”. On the other hand an out of control field-gas “tornado” at the sale of a generator, is much more fearful. Without significant theoretical and mathematical work on them by many university groups and for many years, it cannot easily be decided. Maybe irresponsible functioning of them in inappropriate conditions might create explosions or unknown type of ecological pollution. We should remark here that as the source of the gravitational energy, passes and is created by the motion of protons, neutrons, electrons, and also their spin in atoms, such extra energy can be also considered a soft atomic energy. We state the term soft, because it occurs no atom split or fusion, and even in many cases, not alteration of the atoms chemical bonds.
7.9 Experimental facts to investigate:
I believe that future experiments, if the present suggestions are somehow confirmed, should be in the next directions:
1) Measurement of the constants λ4 , λ5 and other constants in the new equations.
2) Measurement of the average density of the neutral field-gas.
3) It is obvious that we can have “free energy” devices, that convert gravitational energy (and energy from the motion of protons, neutrons, electrons, and even molecular heat) to electric, without macroscopic mechanical motion, but simply with configuration of circuits. As in the case of the miniature disc of paragraph 5.6, a spiral-conic coil would be sufficient to initiate the required small field-gas tornado, for the energy conversion. The whole device would look, much like a “transformer”, and, if at a small size and if put, inside ordinary electric devices it would amplify their performance at the cost not of the electric supply, but at the cost of the potential energy of the gravitational field.
(remark added 2005: When this paper was written during 1998, the author was not aware of the devices of MEG generator (see bibliography now : http://jnaudin.free.fr/meg/meg.htm). I have added it now in the bibliography. The physical principles to explain them too, are the same for the other mentioned “free-energy” generators. There are no moving parts in this type of generator that looks like a transformer. The good news is that at least 15 serious university professors of physics, electric engineering etc are aware of such phenomena and try to understand them.)
4) The method of linear electric current discharge technique of E. Gray, that does not involve rotation at all, to extract energy from the gravitational field, suggests obviously the next: A careful new design of a type of neon-kind light giving lamps, might be devised so that a great percentage of the resulting luminosity energy is consumed from the gravitational field rather, than from the electric power supply of the lamp.
5) The power of Field-gas heat conduction per square meter, for a given gravitational acceleration g. This measurement, for the standard average value of earth’s g , would give , an earthly constant for the extraction of "free energy" (ironically speaking of course) , beyond which we force the planet to non-natural cooling (at the layer of the field-gas and eventually at the layer of material magma).This constant resembles the constant of 1.3 kw ( approximately), of the solar power, on the surface of earth, per square meter.
7.10 Final remarks
A more comprehensive and true concept of waves than the Einstein’s “gravitational waves”
Notice that this theory does not claim that the speed of gravitational (or field-gas temperature ) waves is unique and equal to the speed of light!
There is obviously the possibility of temperature waves that propagate with the speed of compression waves in a fluid and of temperature waves that propagate with lower speed, too.
As the temperature waves depend much on the speed of heat convection (flow of field-gas) we may have a wider range of phenomena much more subtle. Of course in a field-gas with viscosity the electromagnetic wave would also create a temperature wave with the speed of light. We believe that there are not sufficient experimental evidence to confirm Einstein’s claim that all gravitational effects propagate with exactly the speed of light. Especially when as we remarked at the beginning in the paragraph about inertia, the light itself has constant speed only relative to a system attached to the motion of the field-gas and only when the field-gas temperature is constant, but not relative to a more distant system of reference, relative to which the field-gas may be moving (Galilean addition of velocities). This means that light itself can very well have speed much higher than 300.000 km/sec. (This does not contradicts with the fact that the known measurements of the speed of light give only the value 300.000 km/sec as they have been carried out in specific systems of reference and in specific conditions.)
In the light of the above analysis of universal attraction “gravitational waves” could be
1) Temperature waves of the field-gas (aether) (“gravitostatic” waves)
2) Fluctuations of the conductivity constant k of the field-gas, and thus of the gravitational constant G that depends mainly on it. (“gravitostatic” waves)
3) Compression and density waves of the field gas (“antigravity”
or “gravitodynamic” waves)
4) Velocity waves of the field gas. (“antigravity” or “gravitodynamic” waves)
All the above waves would have been classified in the old and obscure gravitation theory of Einstein as“gravitational waves”
If the famous J. Weber experiments (1969) to measure gravitational waves failed so remarkably is not a surprise. It is often said that those experiments were designed to measure fluctuations of the gravitational constant. There could not be much hope to measure such fluctuations as in the light of the present theory would have been fluctuations of the conductivity constant of the field-gas. In a fixed place inside the planet it is not very probable that this constant change. Although it may very well change slightly when we change positions among the planets and the sun.
On the other hand the experiments of Weber were actually measuring vibrations of a solid metal heavy bar inside vacuum. Again if the experiment was set to measure temperature waves of the field gas that result in to fluctuations of the weight of the bar, there would have not been much hope to detect them, as we do know that in a fluid (here the field-gas) temperature waves are rare. On the other hand it seems to me that the easier to detect are the compression and velocity waves of the field gas. (thus “antigravity” waves rather than gravitational waves). In that case, nevertheless, the experimental setting with a heavy and massive metal bar is totally inappropriate for such a task. A more appropriate experimental setting would have to put in the vacuum, large thin surfaces, like a large microphone.
(added 2013)
Buckminster Fuller (1895-1983) used to call our Universe the eternally regenerative Universe.
It seems that some alternative scientists , estimate the age of the 3rd material density or resolution (matter made from protons, neutrons, electrons) being about 21 billion years old.
While the age of the Universe of about 21 trillion years old. Notice that according the prevailing conventional cosmologists of the big bang theory, the big bang occurred about 13.798 ± 0.037 billion years ago (see e.g. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_bang ), therefore both the age of the 3rd material density and Universe also would be about 13-14 billion years old. But it seems that the conventional cosmologists see with bias the Universe. For example they use to believe that entropy always increases. Which is provable mathematically only for ideal gasses, that is material systems where the only interaction of particles are those of collisions. On the other hand if this "gas" we set for its particles strong gravitational interactions, in other words these "particles" are stars and black holes, then it seems that it can again be proved mathematically and statistically that in this "gas" the entropy decreases, or it is unceasing-decreasing eternally. And of course universal attraction involves at least 3 layers of the material reality: a) the 2nd density that of celestial bodies b) the 3rd density (the usual matter) and c) the 4th density or aether as "gravitational field". In other words a physical system of non-single layer of matter behaves much differently. The cosmologist in favor of the big-bang theory do not explain how by violating the "law of increase of entropy" , all matter was concentrated in such a small area of space at the start of the Big-bang. It seems that it is as if we see one side of the "coin" only. We should notice also that in more recent discoveries of cosmology, the very distance galaxies are......accelerating. My speculation is that a spiral-like surface-rotating torus , as the real shape and motion of the Universe, would give an explanation why distant galaxies accelerate, plus why there is a periodic phenomenon that ressambles the Big-bang, plus a period where systematically the entropy is decreasing. Such a spiral torus motions is as in the next video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EKtevjrZOGs
The same hypothesis would explain also why the 3rd material density would be so old, as 21 billion of years old, and why the Universe might be so old as 21 trillion of years old. (many rotations of the torus , or many Big-bang like expansions and then contractions may have occurred since the creation of the 3rd density. In addition, the Universe contains may material layers or densities or resolutions, and not only the 3rd density.
THE PARADOX OF ASTRONOMY-GEOLOGY INCOSISTENCY AND DISCREPANCY ABOUT EARTH IS RESOLVED:
We state this paradox and its resolution as a dialogue of a Top Astronomer, Top Geologist and the author
Top Astronomer: I hope that you know dear geologist that my astronomy does not support your claim that earth is full of magma.
Top Geologist: And why astronomy does not support it?
Top Astronomer: Do you agree with the astronomic assumption of the origin of planets as solar nebula firry plasma balls?
Top Geologist: Yes we believe it is true.
Top Astronomer: Alright then, here are the stages of cooling of the plasma ball with all the simulated calculations of material states from the laws of physics.
1) First stage all the ball is gaseous plasma b) 2nd stage the spherical surface till some depth is cooling to molecular matter magma c) 3rd stage the spherical surface is cooling to solid state molecular matter till some depth. This so because gaseous plasma state is not good conductor of heat, so before all the ball is cooling to magma, first a spherical shell will be cooling to solid state. Furthermore because of the rotation of the ball the tangential surface tensions are maximum at the rotational poles thus there are expected some solid-state holes say of 70 kilometers diameter. d) 4th stage because of the holes and because the plasma matter continuous to cool to magma from inside , the plasma state ball reduces its diameter much less to the diameter of the solid-state spherical shell, so eventually the spherical shell is cooling to solid-state matter from inside too e) 5th final stage a solid spherical shells crated at about 1/3 of the radius while the plasma ball is reduced at a very small ball at the center which may be called inner sun of the planet earth. The rest of the inner space is full of atmospheric air as the outer atmospheric air.
Top Geologist: Hmmm, I see your calculations they are correct! It should be like this indeed and not full of magma. Actually you predict magma only till about 1250 kilometers deep and I assure you that experimental geology through the volcanos has not real proof that magna exist in more depth. We only assume that magma will be till the center. BUT I have 2 major objections …from astronomy that make your predictions fall apart. 1) If there are 70 km diameter holes at the poles how is it that the ocean e.g. at the north pole does fall inside the hollow earth? 2) If the solid spherical shell is about 1/3 of the radius then the inertial and gravitational mass of earth would be much less. In particular, the total quantity of molecular matter is the next proportion of the quantity of a full sphere matter
((4/3*pi*3^3)-(4/3*pi*2^3))/(4/3*pi*3^3)=1-(2/3)^3=0.7125. Thus a hollow earth has about only 70% mass compared to a full of magma earth! And Newtonian gravitation has indeed measured as mass of earth that of a full earth not 70% only of a hollow earth.
Top Astronomer: I admit that you have put me in a difficult position at the corner as Galileo also was put when they objected to him that how is it possible that a spherical earth hovers in space and does not …..fall down, or the night that earth turns around we do not …..fall in the sky?
The author : Let me dear astronomer give a resolving answer to the Geologist based on our new and deeper theory of gravitation of the present article. As I mentioned above the true source of gravitation is the heat of the fieldmatter rather than the quantity of molecular matter which created heat in the fieldmatter. Now it is known in meteorology that the molecular air temperature follows the n-spherical harmonics and reverses gradient many times as we go from the earth surface to the end of the atmosphere. It is highly probably that the same reversing of gradient occurs to the fieldmatter temperature which is the source of gravitation, thus it may very well be that the gravitation from the inside solid surface of the spherical shell is outward instead of towards the center of earth. Thus if there are inner oceans at the polar holes their weight would cancel out and be in balance. Now the answer that the reduced quantity of molecular matter to about 70% will still have inertial and gravitational mass of 100% full earth is answered a s follows. We already know from the formulae of special relativity for a particle with velocity close to that of light thus with double mass to that of the rest mass that the inertial and gravitational mass is not in fixed proportionality with the quantity of matter. We assume also as right the assumption of Einstein that the gravitational mass of a body is about equal to its inertial mass. Here is why a 70% quantity of matter hollow earth has inertial and gravitational mass as if 100% full sphere. We had calculated that the frequency of the spin of the electrons, protons and neutrons is at the range 1-2 terahertz of infrared. Thus at this frequency the molecular matter of earth absorbs energy from the infrared of the solar radiation, it passes it to the spin which in its turn passes it to heat of the fieldmatter thus to gravitation. The inner space of the hollow earth would then have higher fieldmatter temperature to that due to simply the quantity of matter of the inner molecular atmosphere exactly like a greenhouse effect in the fieldmatter temperature. Thus earth would gravitate more due to the greenhouse effect of fieldmatter temperature due to the solar radiation t 1-2 terahertz. This could explain why we measure astronomically a higher by about 30% gravitational and inertial mass of earth! This is the very important role of the solar radiation to the earths gravitation.
Top Geologist: I can’t believe that you gave a way to resolve it, even qualitatively. This is the most interesting thing I have heard in me entire carrier! You should take the Nobel prize!
